Why are some states doing so poorly on the AHR?

This analysis seeks to explore the relationship between the finance score and the costs associated with transportation construction and maintenance in urban vs rural states

## Rows: 750 Columns: 28
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (14): ., Report Edition, Rural Interstate Poor Condition, Number of Mile...
## dbl  (1): Year
## 
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

Sum of Spending in All States

Year Total_Spending Admin_Spending Maint_Spending Capital_Spending
2005 $98,905,495.00 $6,359,601.00 $15,944,218.00 $50,309,238.00
2006 $99,609,053.00 $7,015,900.00 $17,071,805.00 $54,662,456.00
2007 $109,714,183.00 $7,914,254.00 $20,004,734.00 $62,570,465.00
2008 $118,364,945.00 $10,777,381.00 $18,707,307.00 $62,906,654.00
2009 $117,691,336.00 $9,247,068.00 $20,762,054.00 $65,102,982.00
2011 $124,160,011.00 $8,486,420.00 $20,446,877.00 $66,595,966.00
2012 $132,078,139.00 $8,614,245.00 $21,235,771.00 $70,152,840.00
2013 $131,216,540.00 $8,191,756.00 $21,187,578.00 $68,864,703.00
2014 $142,130,109.00 $8,155,604.00 $22,519,783.00 $74,336,715.00
2015 $145,013,710.00 $8,845,187.00 $22,812,987.00 $74,895,863.00
2016 $139,114,797.00 $8,805,149.00 $23,334,525.00 $71,752,847.00
2018 $151,785,475.00 $9,520,230.00 $26,554,566.00 $77,145,873.00
2019 $157,763,506.00 $10,083,635.00 $27,457,186.00 $78,869,455.00
##      Total_increase Admin_increase Maint_increase Capit_increase
## [1,] 59.51%         58.56%         72.21%         56.77%
Spending (in Millions) per Lane Mile
Year Mean_Total_Spending Mean_Admin_Spending Mean_Maint_Spending Mean_Capital_Spending
2005 96.70780 6.296430 15.59245 44.12532
2006 76.77893 5.658905 11.29937 39.02704
2007 78.61012 6.567648 13.32362 41.83878
2008 82.21688 7.914406 13.06733 42.66494
2009 87.35376 7.662852 14.46659 45.72699
2011 94.40735 7.192401 14.19572 48.72561
2012 103.43915 7.456157 14.43227 51.42967
2013 100.63841 7.143515 15.21878 49.80954
2014 123.40047 7.781953 18.86065 61.22979
2015 105.90247 7.250358 15.71685 52.22496
2016 90.71018 6.704275 14.46514 45.11075
2018 94.86940 6.442822 15.95184 46.80493
2019 118.78649 7.330004 18.45981 54.64471
Year Total_Variance Admin_Variance Maint_Variance Capit_Variance
2005 18218.899 52.39913 686.95808 2054.256
2006 8874.264 37.50792 79.12639 1107.241
2007 5723.053 45.74173 132.53958 1364.343
2008 5920.812 76.29864 115.79198 1313.300
2009 6778.307 65.26375 200.63166 1203.428
2011 11791.261 51.55652 182.51441 2540.036
2012 14101.667 60.26171 155.74347 2462.963
2013 16028.808 56.81206 233.66495 2767.747
2014 32577.252 67.37673 480.96445 5459.697
2015 14760.678 55.30855 190.07772 3073.081
2016 7032.262 45.93955 136.12711 1378.899
2018 9148.768 32.97870 186.88097 1848.760
2019 27817.718 35.38823 261.20032 2738.361

## # A tibble: 13 × 5
##     Year Total_Variance Admin_Variance Maint_Variance Capit_Variance
##    <dbl>          <dbl>          <dbl>          <dbl>          <dbl>
##  1  2005           6.30           4.38          9.14           2.74 
##  2  2006           3.05           2.60          0.926          1.26 
##  3  2007           1.63           2.50          1.13           1.19 
##  4  2008           1.45           2.26          1.14           1.14 
##  5  2009           1.68           2.62          1.60           0.976
##  6  2011           2.66           2.48          1.52           1.99 
##  7  2012           2.81           2.83          1.20           1.74 
##  8  2013           3.26           2.96          1.82           2.04 
##  9  2014           5.13           3.23          3.02           3.15 
## 10  2015           2.47           2.48          1.28           1.92 
## 11  2016           1.40           2.28          0.963          1.03 
## 12  2018           1.71           1.56          1.14           1.33 
## 13  2019           3.97           1.24          1.23           1.56

Greater Variance In Finance Scores than Performance Scores

New Jersey has by far the worst Finance Score, almost double

## Rows: 50 Columns: 43
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr  (1): State
## dbl (42): Urbanization, Tax Burden Overall, Property Tax Burden, Income Tax ...
## 
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
##             State Finance Score Performance Score
## 30     New Jersey         7.884             1.758
## 32       New York         3.157             1.322
## 21  Massachusetts         2.960             0.971
## 47     Washington         2.924             0.967
## 8        Delaware         2.780             1.060
## 39   Rhode Island         2.718             2.018
## 9         Florida         2.632             0.753
## 5      California         2.422             1.299
## 20       Maryland         2.102             0.876
## 7     Connecticut         2.022             0.632
## 11         Hawaii         1.824             2.230
## 38   Pennsylvania         1.413             1.216
## 28         Nevada         1.409             0.590
## 3         Arizona         1.398             0.879
## 45        Vermont         1.398             0.438
## 13       Illinois         1.391             1.249
## 6        Colorado         1.379             1.158
## 14        Indiana         1.333             0.956
## 37         Oregon         1.305             0.749
## 36       Oklahoma         1.303             1.181
## 2          Alaska         1.254             2.586
## 29  New Hampshire         1.238             0.622
## 35           Ohio         1.220             0.757
## 1         Alabama         1.151             0.869
## 44           Utah         1.138             0.449
## 23      Minnesota         1.103             0.668
## 10        Georgia         1.062             0.630
## 22       Michigan         1.048             1.181
## 49      Wisconsin         1.018             0.898
## 42      Tennessee         0.807             0.643
## 43          Texas         0.799             0.789
## 12          Idaho         0.777             0.644
## 15           Iowa         0.764             0.938
## 31     New Mexico         0.716             1.052
## 19          Maine         0.621             1.323
## 46       Virginia         0.585             0.511
## 16         Kansas         0.555             0.730
## 41   South Dakota         0.554             0.755
## 33 North Carolina         0.517             0.684
## 18      Louisiana         0.516             1.525
## 50        Wyoming         0.489             0.825
## 27       Nebraska         0.447             1.062
## 24    Mississippi         0.434             0.924
## 4        Arkansas         0.392             0.984
## 17       Kentucky         0.392             0.725
## 26        Montana         0.392             0.829
## 25       Missouri         0.368             0.698
## 40 South Carolina         0.346             1.130
## 34   North Dakota         0.297             0.608
## 48  West Virginia         0.263             1.389

Finance STDV, Variance

## [1] 1.231537
## [1] 1.516683

Performance STDV, Variance

## [1] 0.4358104
## [1] 0.1899307

Tax, Finance, and Performance Ranking Matrix

Shows the correlations between all rankings Notice that Finance Rank correlates with both cost of living and doing business but nothing else. Neither is correlated with performance rank either.

## Rows: 50 Columns: 28
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## dbl (28): Tax Overall Rank, Finance Rank, Performance Rank, Overall Rank, Ca...
## 
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

Multiple Regression Analysis

Explores statistical relationships between Finance, Performance, and Localized Costs Ranks

Here’s the CNBC Definitions:

Overall Rank

## Rows: 50 Columns: 43
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr  (1): State
## dbl (42): Urbanization, Tax Burden Overall, Property Tax Burden, Income Tax ...
## 
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Overall.Rank ~ EDUCATION + WORKFORCE + Cost.of.Doing.Business + 
##     Cost.of.Living)
## 
## Residuals:
## ALL 50 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!
## 
## Coefficients: (120 not defined because of singularities)
##                          Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                    43        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION10                   -23        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION11                   -22        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION13                   -42        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION14                    -1        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION15                   -31        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION16                   -36        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION17                   -38        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION18                   -34        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION2                    -41        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION20                   -21        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION21                   -19        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION22                   -40        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION23                   -33        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION24                   -29        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION26                   -37        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION27                    -2        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION28                   -32        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION3                      7        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION30                    -6        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION31                   -38        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION33                   -27        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION34                   -39        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION36                   -11        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION39                     1        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION4                    -24        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION40                    -8        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION41                   -14        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION42                    -9        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION43                   -26        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION45                   -13        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION46                   -35        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION47                     5        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION48                   -16        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION49                   -23        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION5                    -30        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION50                    -7        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION8                    -17        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE10                    29        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE11                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE12                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE13                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE14                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE15                    10        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE16                    -9        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE17                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE18                    42        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE19                    20        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE2                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE22                    26        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE23                    38        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE24                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE25                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE27                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE28                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE29                     5        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE3                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE30                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE32                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE34                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE35                    24        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE36                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE37                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE38                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE4                     13        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE40                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE41                    -2        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE42                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE43                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE44                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE45                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE47                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE48                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE49                    19        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE5                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE50                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE6                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE7                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE8                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE9                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business10       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business11       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business12       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business13       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business15       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business16       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business18       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business19       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business2        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business20       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business21       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business22       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business24       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business25       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business26       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business27       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business28       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business29       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business3        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business31       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business32       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business33       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business34       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business35       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business36       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business37       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business38       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business4        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business40       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business41       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business42       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business43       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business44       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business45       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business46       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business47       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business48       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business49       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business5        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business50       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business6        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business7        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business8        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business9        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living10               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living11               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living12               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living13               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living14               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living15               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living16               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living17               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living18               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living19               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living2                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living20               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living21               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living22               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living23               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living25               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living26               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living27               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living28               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living3                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living30               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living31               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living32               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living33               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living34               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living35               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living36               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living37               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living38               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living39               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living4                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living40               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living41               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living42               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living43               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living44               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living45               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living46               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living47               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living48               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living49               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living5                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living50               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living6                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living7                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living8                NA         NA      NA       NA
## 
## Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:      1,  Adjusted R-squared:    NaN 
## F-statistic:   NaN on 49 and 0 DF,  p-value: NA

Finance Rank

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Finance.Rank ~ EDUCATION + WORKFORCE + Cost.of.Doing.Business + 
##     Cost.of.Living)
## 
## Residuals:
## ALL 50 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!
## 
## Coefficients: (120 not defined because of singularities)
##                          Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)                    48        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION10                   -40        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION11                   -39        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION13                   -46        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION14                    -1        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION15                   -38        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION16                   -34        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION17                   -36        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION18                   -35        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION2                    -33        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION20                   -30        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION21                   -20        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION22                   -44        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION23                   -27        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION24                   -24        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION26                   -22        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION27                    -4        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION28                   -43        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION3                      2        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION30                   -14        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION31                   -43        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION33                   -28        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION34                   -43        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION36                   -15        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION39                    -2        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION4                    -19        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION40                   -37        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION41                   -12        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION42                   -25        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION43                   -43        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION45                   -47        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION46                   -29        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION47                   -18        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION48                   -31        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION49                   -10        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION5                    -12        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION50                   -17        NaN     NaN      NaN
## EDUCATION8                    -26        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE10                    29        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE11                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE12                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE13                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE14                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE15                    32        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE16                   -30        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE17                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE18                    35        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE19                    27        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE2                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE22                     3        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE23                    40        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE24                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE25                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE27                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE28                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE29                   -11        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE3                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE30                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE32                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE34                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE35                    22        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE36                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE37                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE38                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE4                     10        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE40                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE41                     3        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE42                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE43                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE44                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE45                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE47                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE48                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE49                    -8        NaN     NaN      NaN
## WORKFORCE5                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE50                    NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE6                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE7                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE8                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## WORKFORCE9                     NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business10       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business11       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business12       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business13       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business15       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business16       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business18       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business19       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business2        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business20       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business21       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business22       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business24       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business25       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business26       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business27       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business28       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business29       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business3        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business31       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business32       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business33       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business34       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business35       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business36       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business37       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business38       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business4        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business40       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business41       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business42       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business43       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business44       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business45       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business46       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business47       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business48       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business49       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business5        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business50       NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business6        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business7        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business8        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business9        NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living10               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living11               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living12               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living13               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living14               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living15               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living16               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living17               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living18               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living19               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living2                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living20               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living21               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living22               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living23               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living25               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living26               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living27               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living28               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living3                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living30               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living31               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living32               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living33               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living34               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living35               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living36               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living37               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living38               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living39               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living4                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living40               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living41               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living42               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living43               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living44               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living45               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living46               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living47               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living48               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living49               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living5                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living50               NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living6                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living7                NA         NA      NA       NA
## Cost.of.Living8                NA         NA      NA       NA
## 
## Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:      1,  Adjusted R-squared:    NaN 
## F-statistic:   NaN on 49 and 0 DF,  p-value: NA

RPP + Overall Score

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Overall.Score ~ RPP)
## 
## Residuals:
##          1          2          3          4          5          6          7 
## -8.586e-17 -1.110e-17 -1.517e-16 -6.705e-18 -1.874e-17 -2.188e-18 -1.235e-19 
##          8          9         10         11         12         13         14 
## -3.924e-17 -1.297e-16 -2.705e-17 -4.826e-18 -4.552e-17  2.255e-01  2.380e-01 
##         15         16         17         18         19         20         21 
## -2.843e-17  1.667e-17 -7.612e-18 -4.578e-17  1.485e-16 -5.612e-19 -4.522e-20 
##         22         23         24         25         26         27         28 
## -5.877e-18 -6.312e-17 -2.322e-17 -2.380e-01 -3.537e-17 -3.016e-17 -2.255e-01 
##         29         30         31         32         33         34         35 
## -6.794e-19 -1.929e-18 -4.143e-18  1.997e-16 -2.408e-18  1.884e-16 -4.143e-18 
##         36         37         38         39         40         41         42 
## -7.612e-18 -1.345e-18 -6.732e-19  8.500e-01  4.269e-17 -7.612e-18 -6.732e-19 
##         43         44         45         46         47         48         49 
##  6.550e-02 -6.550e-02  2.229e-18 -8.500e-01  3.337e-19 -5.877e-18 -2.149e-17 
##         50 
##  2.796e-18 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)  
## (Intercept)   1.3310     0.6459   2.061   0.1084  
## RPP101.3      0.0530     0.7910   0.067   0.9498  
## RPP101.9     -0.1050     0.9134  -0.115   0.9140  
## RPP102.2     -0.4110     0.9134  -0.450   0.6760  
## RPP103.1     -0.5980     0.9134  -0.655   0.5484  
## RPP105       -0.2720     0.9134  -0.298   0.7807  
## RPP105.1      0.8460     0.9134   0.926   0.4068  
## RPP106.5     -0.5200     0.9134  -0.569   0.5996  
## RPP107.7     -0.0780     0.9134  -0.085   0.9361  
## RPP108.4      0.2390     0.9134   0.262   0.8065  
## RPP110.4      0.2520     0.9134   0.276   0.7963  
## RPP116        2.3120     0.9134   2.531   0.0646 .
## RPP116.3      0.5560     0.9134   0.609   0.5756  
## RPP116.4      0.3140     0.9134   0.344   0.7483  
## RPP119.3      0.7740     0.9134   0.847   0.4445  
## RPP84.4      -0.5580     0.9134  -0.611   0.5743  
## RPP84.7      -0.5290     0.9134  -0.579   0.5935  
## RPP85.8      -0.3760     0.9134  -0.412   0.7017  
## RPP87.1      -0.2880     0.9134  -0.315   0.7683  
## RPP87.2      -0.1120     0.9134  -0.123   0.9083  
## RPP87.4      -0.7080     0.9134  -0.775   0.4815  
## RPP87.8      -0.6380     0.9134  -0.698   0.5233  
## RPP87.9      -0.1170     0.9134  -0.128   0.9043  
## RPP88.4      -0.4320     0.9134  -0.473   0.6609  
## RPP88.7      -0.4970     0.7910  -0.628   0.5639  
## RPP89        -0.4470     0.9134  -0.489   0.6502  
## RPP89.2      -0.6550     0.9134  -0.717   0.5130  
## RPP89.3      -0.8190     0.9134  -0.897   0.4206  
## RPP89.5      -0.4580     0.9134  -0.501   0.6424  
## RPP89.7      -0.6370     0.9134  -0.697   0.5240  
## RPP91.1      -0.3820     0.9134  -0.418   0.6973  
## RPP91.5      -0.4420     0.9134  -0.484   0.6537  
## RPP91.7      -0.6980     0.9134  -0.764   0.4873  
## RPP91.9      -0.3960     0.9134  -0.434   0.6870  
## RPP92.2      -0.6460     0.9134  -0.707   0.5184  
## RPP92.3      -0.1910     0.9134  -0.209   0.8446  
## RPP92.8      -0.6100     0.9134  -0.668   0.5408  
## RPP93.2      -0.5680     0.9134  -0.622   0.5677  
## RPP93.5      -0.6370     0.9134  -0.697   0.5240  
## RPP96.3      -0.2920     0.9134  -0.320   0.7652  
## RPP96.5      -0.6045     0.7910  -0.764   0.4873  
## RPP97        -0.0540     0.9134  -0.059   0.9557  
## RPP97.4      -0.2635     0.7910  -0.333   0.7558  
## RPP98        -0.5290     0.9134  -0.579   0.5935  
## RPP99.3      -0.2240     0.9134  -0.245   0.8183  
## RPP99.4       0.2580     0.9134   0.282   0.7916  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.6459 on 4 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.8913, Adjusted R-squared:  -0.332 
## F-statistic: 0.7286 on 45 and 4 DF,  p-value: 0.7414

******* Finance Score + RPP ************

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Finance.Score ~ RPP)
## 
## Residuals:
##          1          2          3          4          5          6          7 
##  6.111e-18  1.853e-18 -1.909e-18 -2.208e-19 -1.531e-16  1.913e-21  4.342e-19 
##          8          9         10         11         12         13         14 
## -2.124e-16  5.091e-16 -2.054e-17 -1.499e-17 -7.354e-17 -9.000e-03  4.825e-01 
##         15         16         17         18         19         20         21 
##  2.050e-17  3.785e-17 -4.889e-17 -2.640e-16  2.460e-16  2.584e-19 -1.721e-18 
##         22         23         24         25         26         27         28 
## -3.501e-17  1.211e-16 -3.501e-17 -4.825e-01 -1.599e-16 -4.889e-17  9.000e-03 
##         29         30         31         32         33         34         35 
##  4.578e-19 -1.364e-19 -1.766e-17 -1.417e-17 -2.113e-17 -3.146e-19 -2.113e-17 
##         36         37         38         39         40         41         42 
## -1.419e-17 -1.256e-18 -3.848e-17  1.067e+00 -2.807e-17 -2.113e-17 -7.253e-18 
##         43         44         45         46         47         48         49 
## -1.695e-01  1.695e-01 -3.380e-19 -1.067e+00 -1.074e-18 -1.072e-17 -1.766e-17 
##         50 
## -1.072e-17 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)  
## (Intercept)   2.6320     0.8364   3.147   0.0346 *
## RPP101.3     -0.9805     1.0243  -0.957   0.3927  
## RPP101.9     -1.2530     1.1828  -1.059   0.3492  
## RPP102.2     -1.3270     1.1828  -1.122   0.3247  
## RPP103.1     -1.2340     1.1828  -1.043   0.3557  
## RPP105       -0.6100     1.1828  -0.516   0.6332  
## RPP105.1     -1.3780     1.1828  -1.165   0.3087  
## RPP106.5     -1.3940     1.1828  -1.179   0.3039  
## RPP107.7     -0.5300     1.1828  -0.448   0.6773  
## RPP108.4      0.2920     1.1828   0.247   0.8172  
## RPP110.4      0.3280     1.1828   0.277   0.7953  
## RPP116        5.2520     1.1828   4.440   0.0113 *
## RPP116.3      0.5250     1.1828   0.444   0.6801  
## RPP116.4     -0.2100     1.1828  -0.178   0.8677  
## RPP119.3     -0.8080     1.1828  -0.683   0.5320  
## RPP84.4      -2.1980     1.1828  -1.858   0.1367  
## RPP84.7      -2.2400     1.1828  -1.894   0.1312  
## RPP85.8      -1.4810     1.1828  -1.252   0.2787  
## RPP87.1      -2.3690     1.1828  -2.003   0.1157  
## RPP87.2      -1.3290     1.1828  -1.124   0.3241  
## RPP87.4      -2.2400     1.1828  -1.894   0.1312  
## RPP87.8      -2.0780     1.1828  -1.757   0.1538  
## RPP87.9      -2.1160     1.1828  -1.789   0.1481  
## RPP88.4      -1.4120     1.1828  -1.194   0.2985  
## RPP88.7      -1.7815     1.0243  -1.739   0.1570  
## RPP89        -1.8680     1.1828  -1.579   0.1894  
## RPP89.2      -2.0770     1.1828  -1.756   0.1539  
## RPP89.3      -2.3350     1.1828  -1.974   0.1196  
## RPP89.5      -2.1850     1.1828  -1.847   0.1384  
## RPP89.7      -1.8250     1.1828  -1.543   0.1977  
## RPP91.1      -1.9160     1.1828  -1.620   0.1806  
## RPP91.5      -2.2860     1.1828  -1.933   0.1254  
## RPP91.7      -2.1150     1.1828  -1.788   0.1483  
## RPP91.9      -1.6140     1.1828  -1.365   0.2441  
## RPP92.2      -1.8550     1.1828  -1.568   0.1919  
## RPP92.3      -1.5840     1.1828  -1.339   0.2515  
## RPP92.8      -2.1430     1.1828  -1.812   0.1442  
## RPP93.2      -1.5700     1.1828  -1.327   0.2551  
## RPP93.5      -2.2400     1.1828  -1.894   0.1312  
## RPP96.3      -1.2340     1.1828  -1.043   0.3557  
## RPP96.5      -1.6635     1.0243  -1.624   0.1797  
## RPP97        -1.2190     1.1828  -1.031   0.3610  
## RPP97.4      -1.2320     1.0243  -1.203   0.2954  
## RPP98        -1.5290     1.1828  -1.293   0.2657  
## RPP99.3      -2.0110     1.1828  -1.700   0.1643  
## RPP99.4       0.1480     1.1828   0.125   0.9065  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.8364 on 4 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9623, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5388 
## F-statistic: 2.272 on 45 and 4 DF,  p-value: 0.2211

Finance Score + Performance + RPP

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Finance.Score ~ Performance.Score + RPP)
## 
## Residuals:
## ALL 50 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!
## 
## Coefficients: (44 not defined because of singularities)
##                          Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept)             1.398e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.449 -2.600e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.511 -8.130e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.59   1.100e-02        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.608 -1.101e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.622 -1.600e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.63  -3.360e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.632  6.240e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.643 -5.910e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.644 -6.210e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.668 -2.950e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.684 -8.810e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.698 -1.030e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.725 -1.006e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.73  -8.430e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.749 -9.300e-02        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.753  1.234e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.755 -8.440e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.757 -1.780e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.789 -5.990e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.825 -9.090e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.829 -1.006e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.869 -2.470e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.876  7.040e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.879  8.715e-16        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.898 -3.800e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.924 -9.640e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.938 -6.340e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.956 -6.500e-02        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.967  1.526e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.971  1.562e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score0.984 -1.006e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.052 -6.820e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.06   1.382e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.062 -9.510e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.13  -1.052e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.158 -1.900e-02        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.181 -3.500e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.216  1.500e-02        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.249 -7.000e-03        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.299  1.024e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.322  1.759e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.323 -7.770e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.389 -1.135e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.525 -8.820e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score1.758  6.486e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score2.018  1.320e+00        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score2.23   4.260e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## Performance.Score2.586 -1.440e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## RPP101.3                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP101.9                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP102.2                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP103.1                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP105                         NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP105.1                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP106.5                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP107.7                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP108.4                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP110.4                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP116                         NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP116.3                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP116.4                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP119.3                       NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP84.4                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP84.7                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP85.8                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP87.1                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP87.2                 2.550e-01        NaN     NaN      NaN
## RPP87.4                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP87.8                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP87.9                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP88.4                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP88.7                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP89                          NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP89.2                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP89.3                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP89.5                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP89.7                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP91.1                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP91.5                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP91.7                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP91.9                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP92.2                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP92.3                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP92.8                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP93.2                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP93.5                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP96.3                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP96.5                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP97                          NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP97.4                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP98                          NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP99.3                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## RPP99.4                        NA         NA      NA       NA
## 
## Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:      1,  Adjusted R-squared:    NaN 
## F-statistic:   NaN on 49 and 0 DF,  p-value: NA

Cost of Living vs Tax Burden

## New names:
## * `` -> ...3
## Rows: 510 Columns: 4
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (2): City, State
## dbl (1): Cost of Living Index
## lgl (1): ...3
## 
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

## No trace type specified:
##   Based on info supplied, a 'scatter' trace seems appropriate.
##   Read more about this trace type -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter
## No trace type specified:
##   Based on info supplied, a 'scatter' trace seems appropriate.
##   Read more about this trace type -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter

Results

The above results show that when controlling for differences in Workforce and Education, the cost of doing business has a significant impact on the Overall Score, which is the best indicator