Why are some states doing so poorly on the AHR?
This analysis seeks to explore the relationship between the finance score and the costs associated with transportation construction and maintenance in urban vs rural states
## Rows: 750 Columns: 28## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (14): ., Report Edition, Rural Interstate Poor Condition, Number of Mile...
## dbl (1): Year##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.Sum of Spending in All States
| Year | Total_Spending | Admin_Spending | Maint_Spending | Capital_Spending |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | $98,905,495.00 | $6,359,601.00 | $15,944,218.00 | $50,309,238.00 |
| 2006 | $99,609,053.00 | $7,015,900.00 | $17,071,805.00 | $54,662,456.00 |
| 2007 | $109,714,183.00 | $7,914,254.00 | $20,004,734.00 | $62,570,465.00 |
| 2008 | $118,364,945.00 | $10,777,381.00 | $18,707,307.00 | $62,906,654.00 |
| 2009 | $117,691,336.00 | $9,247,068.00 | $20,762,054.00 | $65,102,982.00 |
| 2011 | $124,160,011.00 | $8,486,420.00 | $20,446,877.00 | $66,595,966.00 |
| 2012 | $132,078,139.00 | $8,614,245.00 | $21,235,771.00 | $70,152,840.00 |
| 2013 | $131,216,540.00 | $8,191,756.00 | $21,187,578.00 | $68,864,703.00 |
| 2014 | $142,130,109.00 | $8,155,604.00 | $22,519,783.00 | $74,336,715.00 |
| 2015 | $145,013,710.00 | $8,845,187.00 | $22,812,987.00 | $74,895,863.00 |
| 2016 | $139,114,797.00 | $8,805,149.00 | $23,334,525.00 | $71,752,847.00 |
| 2018 | $151,785,475.00 | $9,520,230.00 | $26,554,566.00 | $77,145,873.00 |
| 2019 | $157,763,506.00 | $10,083,635.00 | $27,457,186.00 | $78,869,455.00 |
## Total_increase Admin_increase Maint_increase Capit_increase
## [1,] 59.51% 58.56% 72.21% 56.77%| Year | Mean_Total_Spending | Mean_Admin_Spending | Mean_Maint_Spending | Mean_Capital_Spending |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 96.70780 | 6.296430 | 15.59245 | 44.12532 |
| 2006 | 76.77893 | 5.658905 | 11.29937 | 39.02704 |
| 2007 | 78.61012 | 6.567648 | 13.32362 | 41.83878 |
| 2008 | 82.21688 | 7.914406 | 13.06733 | 42.66494 |
| 2009 | 87.35376 | 7.662852 | 14.46659 | 45.72699 |
| 2011 | 94.40735 | 7.192401 | 14.19572 | 48.72561 |
| 2012 | 103.43915 | 7.456157 | 14.43227 | 51.42967 |
| 2013 | 100.63841 | 7.143515 | 15.21878 | 49.80954 |
| 2014 | 123.40047 | 7.781953 | 18.86065 | 61.22979 |
| 2015 | 105.90247 | 7.250358 | 15.71685 | 52.22496 |
| 2016 | 90.71018 | 6.704275 | 14.46514 | 45.11075 |
| 2018 | 94.86940 | 6.442822 | 15.95184 | 46.80493 |
| 2019 | 118.78649 | 7.330004 | 18.45981 | 54.64471 |
| Year | Total_Variance | Admin_Variance | Maint_Variance | Capit_Variance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 18218.899 | 52.39913 | 686.95808 | 2054.256 |
| 2006 | 8874.264 | 37.50792 | 79.12639 | 1107.241 |
| 2007 | 5723.053 | 45.74173 | 132.53958 | 1364.343 |
| 2008 | 5920.812 | 76.29864 | 115.79198 | 1313.300 |
| 2009 | 6778.307 | 65.26375 | 200.63166 | 1203.428 |
| 2011 | 11791.261 | 51.55652 | 182.51441 | 2540.036 |
| 2012 | 14101.667 | 60.26171 | 155.74347 | 2462.963 |
| 2013 | 16028.808 | 56.81206 | 233.66495 | 2767.747 |
| 2014 | 32577.252 | 67.37673 | 480.96445 | 5459.697 |
| 2015 | 14760.678 | 55.30855 | 190.07772 | 3073.081 |
| 2016 | 7032.262 | 45.93955 | 136.12711 | 1378.899 |
| 2018 | 9148.768 | 32.97870 | 186.88097 | 1848.760 |
| 2019 | 27817.718 | 35.38823 | 261.20032 | 2738.361 |
## # A tibble: 13 × 5
## Year Total_Variance Admin_Variance Maint_Variance Capit_Variance
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 2005 6.30 4.38 9.14 2.74
## 2 2006 3.05 2.60 0.926 1.26
## 3 2007 1.63 2.50 1.13 1.19
## 4 2008 1.45 2.26 1.14 1.14
## 5 2009 1.68 2.62 1.60 0.976
## 6 2011 2.66 2.48 1.52 1.99
## 7 2012 2.81 2.83 1.20 1.74
## 8 2013 3.26 2.96 1.82 2.04
## 9 2014 5.13 3.23 3.02 3.15
## 10 2015 2.47 2.48 1.28 1.92
## 11 2016 1.40 2.28 0.963 1.03
## 12 2018 1.71 1.56 1.14 1.33
## 13 2019 3.97 1.24 1.23 1.56
Greater Variance In Finance Scores than Performance Scores
New Jersey has by far the worst Finance Score, almost double
## Rows: 50 Columns: 43## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (1): State
## dbl (42): Urbanization, Tax Burden Overall, Property Tax Burden, Income Tax ...##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.## State Finance Score Performance Score
## 30 New Jersey 7.884 1.758
## 32 New York 3.157 1.322
## 21 Massachusetts 2.960 0.971
## 47 Washington 2.924 0.967
## 8 Delaware 2.780 1.060
## 39 Rhode Island 2.718 2.018
## 9 Florida 2.632 0.753
## 5 California 2.422 1.299
## 20 Maryland 2.102 0.876
## 7 Connecticut 2.022 0.632
## 11 Hawaii 1.824 2.230
## 38 Pennsylvania 1.413 1.216
## 28 Nevada 1.409 0.590
## 3 Arizona 1.398 0.879
## 45 Vermont 1.398 0.438
## 13 Illinois 1.391 1.249
## 6 Colorado 1.379 1.158
## 14 Indiana 1.333 0.956
## 37 Oregon 1.305 0.749
## 36 Oklahoma 1.303 1.181
## 2 Alaska 1.254 2.586
## 29 New Hampshire 1.238 0.622
## 35 Ohio 1.220 0.757
## 1 Alabama 1.151 0.869
## 44 Utah 1.138 0.449
## 23 Minnesota 1.103 0.668
## 10 Georgia 1.062 0.630
## 22 Michigan 1.048 1.181
## 49 Wisconsin 1.018 0.898
## 42 Tennessee 0.807 0.643
## 43 Texas 0.799 0.789
## 12 Idaho 0.777 0.644
## 15 Iowa 0.764 0.938
## 31 New Mexico 0.716 1.052
## 19 Maine 0.621 1.323
## 46 Virginia 0.585 0.511
## 16 Kansas 0.555 0.730
## 41 South Dakota 0.554 0.755
## 33 North Carolina 0.517 0.684
## 18 Louisiana 0.516 1.525
## 50 Wyoming 0.489 0.825
## 27 Nebraska 0.447 1.062
## 24 Mississippi 0.434 0.924
## 4 Arkansas 0.392 0.984
## 17 Kentucky 0.392 0.725
## 26 Montana 0.392 0.829
## 25 Missouri 0.368 0.698
## 40 South Carolina 0.346 1.130
## 34 North Dakota 0.297 0.608
## 48 West Virginia 0.263 1.389Finance STDV, Variance
## [1] 1.231537## [1] 1.516683Performance STDV, Variance
## [1] 0.4358104## [1] 0.1899307Tax, Finance, and Performance Ranking Matrix
Shows the correlations between all rankings Notice that Finance Rank correlates with both cost of living and doing business but nothing else. Neither is correlated with performance rank either.
## Rows: 50 Columns: 28## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## dbl (28): Tax Overall Rank, Finance Rank, Performance Rank, Overall Rank, Ca...##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
Multiple Regression Analysis
Explores statistical relationships between Finance, Performance, and Localized Costs Ranks
Here’s the CNBC Definitions:
Cost of Doing Business: We measure the strength of each state’s business tax climate, as well as tax burdens for various types of businesses and facilities. We also measure wage and utility costs, as well as the cost of office and industrial space. And we consider incentives and tax breaks that states offer to reduce business costs, with special emphasis on incentives targeted toward development in disadvantaged communities.
Education: We consider the number of higher education institutions in each state as well as long-term trends in state support for higher education. We also consider historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), which companies are increasingly seeking to partner with. We look at multiple measures of K-12 education including test scores, class size and spending. We also look at life-long learning opportunities in each state.
Workforce: We measure the educational attainment of each state’s working-age population, as well as which states are attracting college-educated workers and which states are losing them. With skilled workers in particular demand, we consider each state’s concentration of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) workers. We measure worker productivity based on economic output per job. We look at union membership and right to work laws. And we measure the availability of workers, as well as the diversity of each state’s workforce.
Cost of Living: The cost of living helps drive the cost of doing business. From housing to food and energy, wages go further when the cost of living is low. We measure the states based on an index of costs for basic items.
Overall Rank
## Rows: 50 Columns: 43## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (1): State
## dbl (42): Urbanization, Tax Burden Overall, Property Tax Burden, Income Tax ...##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Overall.Rank ~ EDUCATION + WORKFORCE + Cost.of.Doing.Business +
## Cost.of.Living)
##
## Residuals:
## ALL 50 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!
##
## Coefficients: (120 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 43 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION10 -23 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION11 -22 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION13 -42 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION14 -1 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION15 -31 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION16 -36 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION17 -38 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION18 -34 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION2 -41 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION20 -21 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION21 -19 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION22 -40 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION23 -33 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION24 -29 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION26 -37 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION27 -2 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION28 -32 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION3 7 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION30 -6 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION31 -38 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION33 -27 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION34 -39 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION36 -11 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION39 1 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION4 -24 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION40 -8 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION41 -14 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION42 -9 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION43 -26 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION45 -13 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION46 -35 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION47 5 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION48 -16 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION49 -23 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION5 -30 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION50 -7 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION8 -17 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE10 29 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE11 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE12 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE13 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE14 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE15 10 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE16 -9 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE17 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE18 42 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE19 20 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE2 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE22 26 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE23 38 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE24 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE25 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE27 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE28 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE29 5 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE3 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE30 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE32 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE34 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE35 24 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE36 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE37 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE38 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE4 13 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE40 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE41 -2 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE42 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE43 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE44 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE45 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE47 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE48 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE49 19 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE5 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE50 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE6 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE7 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE8 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE9 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business10 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business11 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business12 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business13 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business15 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business16 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business18 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business19 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business2 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business20 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business21 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business22 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business24 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business25 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business26 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business27 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business28 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business29 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business3 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business31 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business32 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business33 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business34 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business35 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business36 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business37 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business38 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business4 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business40 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business41 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business42 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business43 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business44 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business45 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business46 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business47 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business48 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business49 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business5 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business50 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business6 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business7 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business8 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business9 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living10 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living11 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living12 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living13 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living14 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living15 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living16 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living17 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living18 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living19 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living2 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living20 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living21 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living22 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living23 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living25 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living26 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living27 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living28 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living3 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living30 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living31 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living32 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living33 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living34 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living35 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living36 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living37 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living38 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living39 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living4 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living40 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living41 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living42 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living43 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living44 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living45 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living46 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living47 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living48 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living49 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living5 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living50 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living6 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living7 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living8 NA NA NA NA
##
## Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 1, Adjusted R-squared: NaN
## F-statistic: NaN on 49 and 0 DF, p-value: NAFinance Rank
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Finance.Rank ~ EDUCATION + WORKFORCE + Cost.of.Doing.Business +
## Cost.of.Living)
##
## Residuals:
## ALL 50 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!
##
## Coefficients: (120 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 48 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION10 -40 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION11 -39 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION13 -46 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION14 -1 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION15 -38 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION16 -34 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION17 -36 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION18 -35 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION2 -33 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION20 -30 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION21 -20 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION22 -44 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION23 -27 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION24 -24 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION26 -22 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION27 -4 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION28 -43 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION3 2 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION30 -14 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION31 -43 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION33 -28 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION34 -43 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION36 -15 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION39 -2 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION4 -19 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION40 -37 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION41 -12 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION42 -25 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION43 -43 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION45 -47 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION46 -29 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION47 -18 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION48 -31 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION49 -10 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION5 -12 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION50 -17 NaN NaN NaN
## EDUCATION8 -26 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE10 29 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE11 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE12 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE13 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE14 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE15 32 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE16 -30 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE17 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE18 35 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE19 27 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE2 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE22 3 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE23 40 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE24 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE25 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE27 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE28 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE29 -11 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE3 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE30 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE32 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE34 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE35 22 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE36 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE37 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE38 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE4 10 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE40 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE41 3 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE42 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE43 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE44 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE45 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE47 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE48 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE49 -8 NaN NaN NaN
## WORKFORCE5 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE50 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE6 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE7 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE8 NA NA NA NA
## WORKFORCE9 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business10 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business11 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business12 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business13 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business15 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business16 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business18 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business19 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business2 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business20 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business21 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business22 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business24 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business25 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business26 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business27 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business28 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business29 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business3 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business31 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business32 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business33 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business34 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business35 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business36 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business37 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business38 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business4 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business40 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business41 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business42 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business43 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business44 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business45 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business46 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business47 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business48 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business49 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business5 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business50 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business6 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business7 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business8 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Doing.Business9 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living10 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living11 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living12 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living13 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living14 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living15 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living16 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living17 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living18 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living19 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living2 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living20 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living21 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living22 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living23 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living25 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living26 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living27 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living28 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living3 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living30 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living31 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living32 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living33 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living34 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living35 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living36 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living37 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living38 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living39 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living4 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living40 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living41 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living42 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living43 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living44 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living45 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living46 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living47 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living48 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living49 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living5 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living50 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living6 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living7 NA NA NA NA
## Cost.of.Living8 NA NA NA NA
##
## Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 1, Adjusted R-squared: NaN
## F-statistic: NaN on 49 and 0 DF, p-value: NARPP + Overall Score
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Overall.Score ~ RPP)
##
## Residuals:
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## -8.586e-17 -1.110e-17 -1.517e-16 -6.705e-18 -1.874e-17 -2.188e-18 -1.235e-19
## 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
## -3.924e-17 -1.297e-16 -2.705e-17 -4.826e-18 -4.552e-17 2.255e-01 2.380e-01
## 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
## -2.843e-17 1.667e-17 -7.612e-18 -4.578e-17 1.485e-16 -5.612e-19 -4.522e-20
## 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
## -5.877e-18 -6.312e-17 -2.322e-17 -2.380e-01 -3.537e-17 -3.016e-17 -2.255e-01
## 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
## -6.794e-19 -1.929e-18 -4.143e-18 1.997e-16 -2.408e-18 1.884e-16 -4.143e-18
## 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
## -7.612e-18 -1.345e-18 -6.732e-19 8.500e-01 4.269e-17 -7.612e-18 -6.732e-19
## 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
## 6.550e-02 -6.550e-02 2.229e-18 -8.500e-01 3.337e-19 -5.877e-18 -2.149e-17
## 50
## 2.796e-18
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.3310 0.6459 2.061 0.1084
## RPP101.3 0.0530 0.7910 0.067 0.9498
## RPP101.9 -0.1050 0.9134 -0.115 0.9140
## RPP102.2 -0.4110 0.9134 -0.450 0.6760
## RPP103.1 -0.5980 0.9134 -0.655 0.5484
## RPP105 -0.2720 0.9134 -0.298 0.7807
## RPP105.1 0.8460 0.9134 0.926 0.4068
## RPP106.5 -0.5200 0.9134 -0.569 0.5996
## RPP107.7 -0.0780 0.9134 -0.085 0.9361
## RPP108.4 0.2390 0.9134 0.262 0.8065
## RPP110.4 0.2520 0.9134 0.276 0.7963
## RPP116 2.3120 0.9134 2.531 0.0646 .
## RPP116.3 0.5560 0.9134 0.609 0.5756
## RPP116.4 0.3140 0.9134 0.344 0.7483
## RPP119.3 0.7740 0.9134 0.847 0.4445
## RPP84.4 -0.5580 0.9134 -0.611 0.5743
## RPP84.7 -0.5290 0.9134 -0.579 0.5935
## RPP85.8 -0.3760 0.9134 -0.412 0.7017
## RPP87.1 -0.2880 0.9134 -0.315 0.7683
## RPP87.2 -0.1120 0.9134 -0.123 0.9083
## RPP87.4 -0.7080 0.9134 -0.775 0.4815
## RPP87.8 -0.6380 0.9134 -0.698 0.5233
## RPP87.9 -0.1170 0.9134 -0.128 0.9043
## RPP88.4 -0.4320 0.9134 -0.473 0.6609
## RPP88.7 -0.4970 0.7910 -0.628 0.5639
## RPP89 -0.4470 0.9134 -0.489 0.6502
## RPP89.2 -0.6550 0.9134 -0.717 0.5130
## RPP89.3 -0.8190 0.9134 -0.897 0.4206
## RPP89.5 -0.4580 0.9134 -0.501 0.6424
## RPP89.7 -0.6370 0.9134 -0.697 0.5240
## RPP91.1 -0.3820 0.9134 -0.418 0.6973
## RPP91.5 -0.4420 0.9134 -0.484 0.6537
## RPP91.7 -0.6980 0.9134 -0.764 0.4873
## RPP91.9 -0.3960 0.9134 -0.434 0.6870
## RPP92.2 -0.6460 0.9134 -0.707 0.5184
## RPP92.3 -0.1910 0.9134 -0.209 0.8446
## RPP92.8 -0.6100 0.9134 -0.668 0.5408
## RPP93.2 -0.5680 0.9134 -0.622 0.5677
## RPP93.5 -0.6370 0.9134 -0.697 0.5240
## RPP96.3 -0.2920 0.9134 -0.320 0.7652
## RPP96.5 -0.6045 0.7910 -0.764 0.4873
## RPP97 -0.0540 0.9134 -0.059 0.9557
## RPP97.4 -0.2635 0.7910 -0.333 0.7558
## RPP98 -0.5290 0.9134 -0.579 0.5935
## RPP99.3 -0.2240 0.9134 -0.245 0.8183
## RPP99.4 0.2580 0.9134 0.282 0.7916
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6459 on 4 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8913, Adjusted R-squared: -0.332
## F-statistic: 0.7286 on 45 and 4 DF, p-value: 0.7414
******* Finance Score + RPP ************
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Finance.Score ~ RPP)
##
## Residuals:
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
## 6.111e-18 1.853e-18 -1.909e-18 -2.208e-19 -1.531e-16 1.913e-21 4.342e-19
## 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
## -2.124e-16 5.091e-16 -2.054e-17 -1.499e-17 -7.354e-17 -9.000e-03 4.825e-01
## 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
## 2.050e-17 3.785e-17 -4.889e-17 -2.640e-16 2.460e-16 2.584e-19 -1.721e-18
## 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
## -3.501e-17 1.211e-16 -3.501e-17 -4.825e-01 -1.599e-16 -4.889e-17 9.000e-03
## 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
## 4.578e-19 -1.364e-19 -1.766e-17 -1.417e-17 -2.113e-17 -3.146e-19 -2.113e-17
## 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
## -1.419e-17 -1.256e-18 -3.848e-17 1.067e+00 -2.807e-17 -2.113e-17 -7.253e-18
## 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
## -1.695e-01 1.695e-01 -3.380e-19 -1.067e+00 -1.074e-18 -1.072e-17 -1.766e-17
## 50
## -1.072e-17
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 2.6320 0.8364 3.147 0.0346 *
## RPP101.3 -0.9805 1.0243 -0.957 0.3927
## RPP101.9 -1.2530 1.1828 -1.059 0.3492
## RPP102.2 -1.3270 1.1828 -1.122 0.3247
## RPP103.1 -1.2340 1.1828 -1.043 0.3557
## RPP105 -0.6100 1.1828 -0.516 0.6332
## RPP105.1 -1.3780 1.1828 -1.165 0.3087
## RPP106.5 -1.3940 1.1828 -1.179 0.3039
## RPP107.7 -0.5300 1.1828 -0.448 0.6773
## RPP108.4 0.2920 1.1828 0.247 0.8172
## RPP110.4 0.3280 1.1828 0.277 0.7953
## RPP116 5.2520 1.1828 4.440 0.0113 *
## RPP116.3 0.5250 1.1828 0.444 0.6801
## RPP116.4 -0.2100 1.1828 -0.178 0.8677
## RPP119.3 -0.8080 1.1828 -0.683 0.5320
## RPP84.4 -2.1980 1.1828 -1.858 0.1367
## RPP84.7 -2.2400 1.1828 -1.894 0.1312
## RPP85.8 -1.4810 1.1828 -1.252 0.2787
## RPP87.1 -2.3690 1.1828 -2.003 0.1157
## RPP87.2 -1.3290 1.1828 -1.124 0.3241
## RPP87.4 -2.2400 1.1828 -1.894 0.1312
## RPP87.8 -2.0780 1.1828 -1.757 0.1538
## RPP87.9 -2.1160 1.1828 -1.789 0.1481
## RPP88.4 -1.4120 1.1828 -1.194 0.2985
## RPP88.7 -1.7815 1.0243 -1.739 0.1570
## RPP89 -1.8680 1.1828 -1.579 0.1894
## RPP89.2 -2.0770 1.1828 -1.756 0.1539
## RPP89.3 -2.3350 1.1828 -1.974 0.1196
## RPP89.5 -2.1850 1.1828 -1.847 0.1384
## RPP89.7 -1.8250 1.1828 -1.543 0.1977
## RPP91.1 -1.9160 1.1828 -1.620 0.1806
## RPP91.5 -2.2860 1.1828 -1.933 0.1254
## RPP91.7 -2.1150 1.1828 -1.788 0.1483
## RPP91.9 -1.6140 1.1828 -1.365 0.2441
## RPP92.2 -1.8550 1.1828 -1.568 0.1919
## RPP92.3 -1.5840 1.1828 -1.339 0.2515
## RPP92.8 -2.1430 1.1828 -1.812 0.1442
## RPP93.2 -1.5700 1.1828 -1.327 0.2551
## RPP93.5 -2.2400 1.1828 -1.894 0.1312
## RPP96.3 -1.2340 1.1828 -1.043 0.3557
## RPP96.5 -1.6635 1.0243 -1.624 0.1797
## RPP97 -1.2190 1.1828 -1.031 0.3610
## RPP97.4 -1.2320 1.0243 -1.203 0.2954
## RPP98 -1.5290 1.1828 -1.293 0.2657
## RPP99.3 -2.0110 1.1828 -1.700 0.1643
## RPP99.4 0.1480 1.1828 0.125 0.9065
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.8364 on 4 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9623, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5388
## F-statistic: 2.272 on 45 and 4 DF, p-value: 0.2211
Finance Score + Performance + RPP
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Finance.Score ~ Performance.Score + RPP)
##
## Residuals:
## ALL 50 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!
##
## Coefficients: (44 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.398e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.449 -2.600e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.511 -8.130e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.59 1.100e-02 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.608 -1.101e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.622 -1.600e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.63 -3.360e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.632 6.240e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.643 -5.910e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.644 -6.210e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.668 -2.950e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.684 -8.810e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.698 -1.030e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.725 -1.006e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.73 -8.430e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.749 -9.300e-02 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.753 1.234e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.755 -8.440e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.757 -1.780e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.789 -5.990e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.825 -9.090e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.829 -1.006e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.869 -2.470e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.876 7.040e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.879 8.715e-16 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.898 -3.800e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.924 -9.640e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.938 -6.340e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.956 -6.500e-02 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.967 1.526e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.971 1.562e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score0.984 -1.006e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.052 -6.820e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.06 1.382e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.062 -9.510e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.13 -1.052e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.158 -1.900e-02 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.181 -3.500e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.216 1.500e-02 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.249 -7.000e-03 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.299 1.024e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.322 1.759e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.323 -7.770e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.389 -1.135e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.525 -8.820e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score1.758 6.486e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score2.018 1.320e+00 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score2.23 4.260e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## Performance.Score2.586 -1.440e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## RPP101.3 NA NA NA NA
## RPP101.9 NA NA NA NA
## RPP102.2 NA NA NA NA
## RPP103.1 NA NA NA NA
## RPP105 NA NA NA NA
## RPP105.1 NA NA NA NA
## RPP106.5 NA NA NA NA
## RPP107.7 NA NA NA NA
## RPP108.4 NA NA NA NA
## RPP110.4 NA NA NA NA
## RPP116 NA NA NA NA
## RPP116.3 NA NA NA NA
## RPP116.4 NA NA NA NA
## RPP119.3 NA NA NA NA
## RPP84.4 NA NA NA NA
## RPP84.7 NA NA NA NA
## RPP85.8 NA NA NA NA
## RPP87.1 NA NA NA NA
## RPP87.2 2.550e-01 NaN NaN NaN
## RPP87.4 NA NA NA NA
## RPP87.8 NA NA NA NA
## RPP87.9 NA NA NA NA
## RPP88.4 NA NA NA NA
## RPP88.7 NA NA NA NA
## RPP89 NA NA NA NA
## RPP89.2 NA NA NA NA
## RPP89.3 NA NA NA NA
## RPP89.5 NA NA NA NA
## RPP89.7 NA NA NA NA
## RPP91.1 NA NA NA NA
## RPP91.5 NA NA NA NA
## RPP91.7 NA NA NA NA
## RPP91.9 NA NA NA NA
## RPP92.2 NA NA NA NA
## RPP92.3 NA NA NA NA
## RPP92.8 NA NA NA NA
## RPP93.2 NA NA NA NA
## RPP93.5 NA NA NA NA
## RPP96.3 NA NA NA NA
## RPP96.5 NA NA NA NA
## RPP97 NA NA NA NA
## RPP97.4 NA NA NA NA
## RPP98 NA NA NA NA
## RPP99.3 NA NA NA NA
## RPP99.4 NA NA NA NA
##
## Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 1, Adjusted R-squared: NaN
## F-statistic: NaN on 49 and 0 DF, p-value: NACost of Living vs Tax Burden
## New names:
## * `` -> ...3## Rows: 510 Columns: 4## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (2): City, State
## dbl (1): Cost of Living Index
## lgl (1): ...3##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
## No trace type specified:
## Based on info supplied, a 'scatter' trace seems appropriate.
## Read more about this trace type -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter## No trace type specified:
## Based on info supplied, a 'scatter' trace seems appropriate.
## Read more about this trace type -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatterResults
The above results show that when controlling for differences in Workforce and Education, the cost of doing business has a significant impact on the Overall Score, which is the best indicator